We experimentally compare the performance and image contrast of spontaneous Raman and coherent Stokes Raman scattering microscopy. We demonstrate the differences between these techniques on a series of geometry-controlled samples that range in complexity from a point (array of tips) to one-dimensional (line grating) and, lastly, two-dimensional (checkereboard) microstructure. Through the use of this sample series, a comparison of the focal volume, achievable signal-to-noise, and resulting image contrast is made. The results demonstrate the effciency and spatial resolution attainable in coherent Raman microscopy relative to spontaneous Raman microscopy. Additionally, we detail potential complications in the interpretation of coherent Raman images of sample fine structure, where contrast is no longer based solely on oscillator concentration but can be influenced by sample microstructure. (C) 2011 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). [DOI:10.1117/1.3533310]