Quantum technology exploits the unique quantum features of superposition, entanglement, and fundamental metrology metrics in order to create new opportunities in secure communication, high-precision sensing, and revolutionary computers. Quantum technology may eventually underlie a whole new technological infrastructure, much as the semiconductor revolution changed everything in last half of the 20th century. This paper summarizes the motivations and goals for the National Quantum Initiative (NQI) in the United States, and describes some of the processes that led to the introduction and passage of legislation in the US Congress to create the NQI.