We study numerically a disordered transverse-field Ising Hamiltonian with long-range couplings. This model was recently investigated experimentally in a trapped-ion quantum simulator and was found to exhibit features of many-body localization at strong disorder. We use exact diagonalization to study the collective state preservation and the eigenstate entanglement structure as a function of both disorder strength and interaction range. Our numerical results, using the same system sizes as the experiment, verify the observation of many-body localization reported in the recent quantum simulation experiment, and point to directions for future experiments.